Acute rumenitis due to lipid overload in a bovine / Ruminite aguda por sobrecarga de lipídeos em um bovino

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to report the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of a case of rumenitis due to the ingestion of soybean oil in a bovine. The ox had access to barrels that stored soybean oil and ingested an indeterminate amount of the product. After consuming it, the animal presented hiporexia; liquid, brownish, and greasy feces; severe dehydration (12%); apathy; sternal recumbency; and death with a clinical evolution of 4 days. At necropsy, the rumen was filled with voluminous food and moderate amount of white-gray liquid with a greasy appearance. Upon microscopic examination, hydropic degeneration of the epithelium and areas of mucosal necrosis were observed in the rumen and reticulum. From these findings, we concluded that the bovine developed a state of acidosis and acute rumenitis due to excessive intake of lipids.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de um caso de ruminite por ingestão de óleo de soja em um bovino. O animal teve acesso acidental a tonéis que armazenavam óleo de soja e ingeriu uma quantidade indeterminada do produto. Após o consumo, o bovino apresentou hiporexia, fezes líquidas, acastanhadas e de aspecto gorduroso, desidratação severa (12%), apatia, decúbito esternal e morte, com evolução clínica de quatro dias. Na necropsia o rúmen estava repleto por alimentos volumosos e moderada quantidade de líquido branco-acinzentado e de aspecto gorduroso. Microscopicamente, no rúmen e retículo havia degeneração hidrópica do epitélio e áreas de necrose da mucosa. A partir destes achados, concluímos que o bovino desenvolveu um quadro de acidose e ruminite aguda por consumo excessivo de lipídeos.

Suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system in domestic ruminants / Doenças infecciosas supurativas do sistema nervoso central de ruminantes domésticos

This study describes suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in domestic ruminants of southern Brazil. Reports from 3.274 cattle, 596 sheep and 391 goats were reviewed, of which 219 cattle, 21 sheep and 7 goats were diagnosed with central nervous system inflammatory diseases. Suppurative infectious diseases of the CNS corresponded to 54 cases (28 cattle, 19 sheep and 7 goats). The conditions observed consisted of listerial meningoencephalitis (8 sheep, 5 goats and 4 cattle), suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis (14 cattle, 2 goats and 1 sheep), cerebral (6 cattle and 2 sheep), and spinal cord (7 sheep) abscesses, and basilar empyema (4 cattle and 1 sheep). Bacterial culture identified Listeria monocytogenes (9/54 cases), Escherichia coli (7/54 cases), Trueperella pyogenes (6/54 cases) and Proteus mirabilis (1/54 cases). All cases diagnosed as listeriosis through histopathology yielded positive immunostaining on immunohistochemistry, while 12/17 of the cases of suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis presented positive immunostaining for Escherichia coli. Meningoencephalitis by L. monocytogenes was the main neurological disease in sheep and goats, followed by spinal cord abscesses in sheep. In cattle, leptomeningitis and suppurative meningoencephalitis was the most frequent neurological disease for the species, and E. coli was the main cause of these lesions. Basilar empyema, mainly diagnosed in cattle, is related to traumatic injuries, mainly in the nasal cavity, and the main etiologic agent was T. pyogenes.(AU)

Neste trabalho são descritas as doenças neurológicas infecciosas supurativas de ruminantes domésticos na Região Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados laudos de 3.274 bovinos, 596 ovinos e 391 caprinos, dos quais 219 bovinos, 21 ovinos e sete caprinos foram diagnosticados como doenças inflamatórias no sistema nervoso central. As doenças neurológicas infecciosas supurativas corresponderam a 54 casos (28 bovinos, 19 ovinos e sete caprinos). As enfermidades observadas foram meningoencefalite por Listeria monocytogenes (oito ovinos, cinco caprinos e quatro bovinos), leptomeningite e meningoencefalite supurativa (14 bovinos, dois caprinos e um ovino), abscessos cerebrais (seis bovinos e dois ovinos) e medulares (sete ovinos); e empiema basilar (quatro bovinos e um ovino). Através do isolamento bacteriano foram identificados: L. monocytogenes (9/54 casos), Echerichia coli (7/54 casos), Trueperella pyogenes (6/54 casos) e Proteus mirabilis (1/54 casos). Todos os casos diagnosticados como listeriose por histologia foram positivos na imuno-histoquímica para L. monocytogenes, e 12/17 casos de leptomeningite e meningoencefalite supurativa foram positivos na imuno-histoquímica para E. coli. A meningoencefalite por L. monocytogenes representou a principal enfermidade neurológica em ovinos e caprinos, seguido dos abscessos medulares em ovinos. A leptomeningite e meningoencefalite supurativa foi a doença neurológica supurativa mais frequente em bovinos e o principal agente causador da lesão foi E. coli. O empiema basilar, frequentemente, diagnosticado em bovinos, foi relacionado com lesões traumáticas, principalmente, de cavidade nasal e o principal agente causador foi T. pyogenes.(AU)

Morte súbita causada por ruptura de aneurisma em aorta em ruminantes / Sudden death caused by aortic aneurysm rupture in ruminants

De um total de 2.088 ruminantes necropsiados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2015, 803 (38,45%) eram bovinos, 651 (31,18%) ovinos e 634 (30,37%) caprinos. Desses, dois caprinos (0,31%), um ovino (0,15%) e um bovino (0,12%) foram diagnosticados com ruptura de artéria aorta devido à presença de aneurismas, correspondendo a 0,19% das causas de morte em ruminantes. O caso 1 ocorreu em um caprino que apresentava bom estado corporal e foi encontrado morto pelo proprietário; o caso 2, em um caprino com diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de linfadenite caseosa; o caso 3, em um ovino que foi encontrado morto pelo proprietário; e o caso 4, em um bovino com histórico de timpanismo recidivante. Em todos os casos, a morte ocorreu rapidamente por choque hipovolêmico. Os principais achados macroscópicos na necropsia foram hemotórax ou hemoperitônio e a ruptura na artéria aorta. Nos caprinos, abscessos foram visualizados microscopicamente e estavam associados à presença de bactérias, o que sugere infecção por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. No ovino, não foram observadas lesões que pudessem elucidar a causa do aneurisma, por isso foi considerado de provável origem idiopática. No bovino, não foi possível estabelecer a causa, mas a presença do aneurisma dificultava a eructação dos gases da fermentação ruminal, caracterizando um quadro de timpanismo secundário. Aneurismas ocorrem de forma esporádica em caprinos, ovinos e bovinos e devem ser considerados como uma importante causa de morte súbita.(AU)

From a total of 2,088 necropsied ruminants in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2015, 803 (38.45%) were cattle, 651 (31.18%) sheep, and 634 (30.37%) goats. Of these, two goats (0.31%), one sheep (0.15%) and one bovine (0.12%) were diagnosed with rupture of aorta due to the presence of aneurysms, corresponding to 0.19% of causes of death in ruminants. Case 1 occurred in a goat that had good body condition and was found dead by the owner, case 2 occurred in a goat that had clinical presumptive diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis, case 3 occurred in a sheep who was found dead by the owner, and case 4 occurred in a cow with a history of recurrent bloating. In all cases, death occurred rapidly by hypovolemic shock. The macroscopic findings at necropsy were hemothorax or hemoperitoneum and the rupture in the aorta artery. In goats, abscesses were viewed microscopically and they were associated with the presence of bacteria, suggesting for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. In the sheep, lesions that could explain the cause of the aneurysm were not observed, so we consider the aneurisma as idiopathic. In the cow, it was not possible to establish the cause, but the presence of the aneurysm hampered eructation of ruminal gases, causing secondary bloat. Aneurysms occur sporadically in goats, sheep and cattle and must be regarded as an important cause of sudden death.(AU)

Ingestion of the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum causes hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoidae) is reported as a poisonous plant related to photosensitization and photodermatitis, digestive disturbs and abortion. To date, the clinical and pathological features of photosensitization has not been reproduced or only reproduced associated with very mild presentations. The objective of this study was to reproduce in cattle the clinicopathological features of photosensitization associated with the ingestion of the pods of E. contortisiliquum. The pods were harvested from a property with a history of an ongoing outbreak of photosensitization and abortion in cattle. Six 24-month-old steers were cannulated and used in the experiment, two of them served as negative controls. E. contortisiliquum pods were administered to four steers through ruminal cannula. In the first phase of the experiment, daily doses of 30 g/kg/body weight (bw) and 20 g/kg/bw were administered to Bovines 1 and 2 respectively, for three consecutive days. In the second phase, starting four days after the last daily feeding of the pods, these two bovines were challenged with the same doses of the pods for three consecutive days and another two steers (Bovines 3 and 4) were fed 15 g/kg/bw each for three consecutive days. In the two phases, the steers developed signs compatible with ruminal acidosis which were more severe during the second phase. Three and five days after the administration of the pods, two steers presented photodermatitis characterized by hyperemia and edema on the skin of the dorsum of the neck, of the shaved skin around the cannula, of muzzle and ear. Lesions evolved to dermal necrosis with sloughing and subsequent scar retraction and dermal thickening. Ulceration of mucosae exposed to sunlight was also observed. All the steers which received the pods had significant elevations in the serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The levels of GGT and AST remained elevated for up to 12 days after the administration of the pods was discontinued. Histopathological hepatic changes detected by liver biopsies were hepatocellular swelling and randomly scattered individual hepatocellular necrosis. The current study presents solid experimental evidence that the ingestion of E. contortisiliquum definitely induces the classical lesions of hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle.

Abordagem diagnóstica das principais doenças do sistema nervoso de ruminantes e equinos no Brasil / Diagnostic approaches for the main neurological diseases of ruminants and horses in Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os principais aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos das principais doenças do sistema nervoso de ruminantes e equinos diagnosticadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) para servir como base para veterinários de campo ou que trabalham em laboratórios de diagnóstico. Esses dados foram buscados em trabalhos publicados pela equipe do LPV-UFSM ou retirados dos arquivos do laboratório. As principais doenças do sistema nervoso diagnosticadas em bovinos foram a raiva, a encefalopatia hepática decorrente de insuficiência hepática por ingestão de Senecio spp., a meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino, a babesiose cerebral, a intoxicação por Solanum fastigiatum, a febre catarral maligna e a polioencefalomalacia. Em ovinos foram diagnosticadas a cenurose, a meningoencefalite por Listeria monocytogenes, o tétano, os abscessos encefálicos ou vertebrais e a raiva. Meningoencefalite por L. monocytogenes foi a única doença do sistema nervoso descrita em caprinos. Equinos foram afetados pela leucoencefalomalacia, tripanossomíase e tétano.

The epidemiological, clinical, and pathological hallmarks of neurological diseases of ruminants and horses diagnosed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LVP) of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) are herein described. This paper is intended to work as a compiled database for practitioners or veterinarians working in diagnostic laboratories. Data was gathered from papers published by the LVP-UFSM faculty and staff or retrieved from the laboratory archives. The most important neurological diseases of cattle included rabies, hepatic encephalopathy due to ingestion of Senecio spp., meningoencephalitis by bovine herpesvirus, cerebral babesiosis, poisoning by Solanum fastigiatum, malignant catarrhal fever, and polioencephalomalacia. Sheep were affected mostly by coenurosis, meningoencephalitis by Listeria monocytogenes, tetanus, encephalic or vertebral abscesses, and rabies. Goats were affected by meningoencephalitis by L. monocytogenes. Leukoencephalomalacia, trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma evansi, and tetanus were important neurological diseases of horses.